LokaScore
answers all of it.
In data.

Vegetation Index (NDVI)

Multispectral leaf chlorophyll reflectance — measures photosynthetic activity and green biomass density

Water Body Health (NDWI)

Near-infrared water absorption ratio — detects open water surfaces, wetness stress and irrigation canals

Green Cover Percentage

10m-resolution land cover classification — fraction of cell area classified as vegetation vs. impervious surface

Urban Heat Islandpenalty

Surface temperature delta vs. city-wide thermal baseline — identifies cells that run hotter than surrounding urban fabric

Extreme Heat Exposurepenalty

Annual count of days where ambient temperature exceeds climatological 95th percentile — heat stress index

NO₂ Pollutionpenalty

Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide column density from atmospheric spectroscopy — proxy for traffic and combustion emissions

PM2.5 Aerosol Loadpenalty

Absorbing aerosol index from UV-band atmospheric sensing — fine particulate matter proxy, sub-2.5 µm fraction

Flood Risk Scorepenalty

Historical inundation frequency from 38-year satellite water occurrence record — permanent + seasonal water bodies

Terrain Slope Penaltypenalty

Digital elevation model slope analysis — steep terrain implies drainage failure, landslide susceptibility, infra cost

Monsoon Waterlogging Riskpenalty

Cumulative monsoon precipitation weighted by terrain slope and land cover — drainage-adjusted inundation risk

Standing Water Durationpenalty

Annual months of detected surface water presence — distinguishes seasonal vs. persistent waterlogging zones

Elevation

Absolute altitude above mean sea level derived from synthetic aperture radar interferometry

Population Density

Gridded human settlement population estimate from multi-temporal satellite + census fusion model

Urban Settlement Class

Human presence classification: rural → peri-urban → suburban → urban centre — intensity of built-up environment

Nighttime Luminosity

VIIRS satellite radiance — nighttime light intensity as proxy for economic activity and electrification

Building Densitypenalty

Structure footprint count per grid cell from overhead imagery — built-up intensity and open space availability

Solid Waste Proximity Penaltypenalty

Distance to mapped solid waste dumping grounds, landfill sites, and open garbage mounds — disease vector and odour risk

Informal Settlement Densitypenalty

Unplanned or peri-urban settlement classification score — identifies zones with informal housing and inadequate services

Walkability Index

Intersection density per km² from street network graph — measures pedestrian connectivity, street grid completeness

4G/5G Tower Count

Licensed cellular base station density from crowdsourced telecom registry — coverage by LTE/NR radio technology

Streetlight Count

Mapped outdoor luminaires from infrastructure dataset — proxy for public safety lighting and municipal maintenance

Sidewalk Density

Total mapped footpath network length within cell — surface-tagged paved pedestrian infrastructure from street data

Bus Stop Access

PMPML public transit stop count within cell boundary — coverage by formal scheduled bus network

EV Charging Access

Electric vehicle charging station count — proximity to grid-connected fast and slow charging infrastructure

Road Network Density

Street graph edge length per unit area — measures road connectivity, grid density, and last-mile accessibility

Road Surface Quality

Fraction of mapped roads with paved or treated surface tags — proxy for ride quality and maintenance standard

Fuel Station Access

Petrol pump and CNG station count — vehicle refuelling infrastructure proximity

Noise Pollution Penaltypenalty

Proximity-weighted score to trunk roads and railway lines — inverse of acoustic comfort based on source distance

Power Reliabilitypenalty

Feeder-level distribution outage frequency from electricity board records — hours of unplanned interruption per month

Open Drain Proximity Penaltypenalty

Distance to mapped open drainage canals and nullahs — odour, mosquito, and contamination risk index

Industrial Hazard Penaltypenalty

Proximity to mapped industrial zones, quarries, landfill sites — composite land-use hazard and environmental risk

Water Supply Reliability

Civic water supply schedule reliability — piped supply frequency, tanker dependency index, and borewell presence indicator

Broadband / Fibre Penetration

Mapped fibre optic cable route density and fixed broadband node proximity — last-mile internet infrastructure score

Active Construction Penaltypenalty

Proximity to large active construction sites — dust, noise, heavy vehicle traffic, and road damage risk

Schools & Education

Primary, secondary and coaching centre POI count within 500m radius — walkable access to educational infrastructure

Hospitals & Clinics

Hospital, clinic and emergency care POI density — proximity to healthcare eliminates ambulance delay in emergencies

Parks & Recreational Space (OSM)

Mapped park and playground polygon count — green leisure infrastructure from contributor-sourced spatial data

Parks (Cross-verified)

Park count independently verified from a second source — reconciliation flags discrepancies, improves accuracy

Preschool & Daycare Access

Kindergarten, crèche and daycare centre density — critical for households with children under 6 years

Commercial Quality Index

Aggregated business price tier from commercial POI metadata — proxy for neighbourhood affluence and retail access

Emergency Services (Verified)

Police station and fire station count cross-checked against a second independent source for accuracy

Pharmacy & Medical Store Access

Pharmacy, chemist and medical supply store count — critical for daily healthcare accessibility and emergency medication

Supermarket & Grocery Access

Supermarket, grocery and daily essentials store count within walking distance — food security and errand efficiency

Sports & Fitness Facilities

Gym, sports club, swimming pool and fitness centre count — proxy for active lifestyle infrastructure in the cell

Emergency Services Proximity

Distance-decay score to nearest police station and fire brigade — first-responder access time estimation

Crime Indexpenalty

FIR density analysis from municipal crime records — normalised by jurisdiction area and population base

Street Lighting (Safety)

Outdoor luminaire count weighted by road classification — proxy for nighttime safety and deterrence

Industrial Hazard Distancepenalty

Proximity to industrial zones, chemical plants, quarry operations, landfills — composite environmental risk

Open Drain / Nullah Proximitypenalty

Distance to unmapped and mapped open drainage canals — stagnant water, disease vector, physical hazard

Emergency Access (Cross-verified)

Police and fire station count verified against a second independent dataset — flags coverage gaps

Road Accident Densitypenalty

Historical traffic accident hotspot proximity score — road safety risk derived from incident location clustering

Encroachment / Illegal Build Penaltypenalty

Density of unauthorised structures and encroachment on public land — indicator of governance quality and long-term tenure risk